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A Neanderthal Fingerprint Points to Art, and Possibly Portraiture, Around 43,000 Years Ago

Learn more about one of the oldest possible art pieces with a fingerprint from Europe, which may represent a human face.

BySam Walters
The Neanderthal fingerprint, which was revealed through multispectral analysis. (Image Courtesy of David Álvarez-Alonso, M. de Andrés-Herrero, Andrés Díez-Herrero, S. Miralles-Mosquera, M. C. Sastre Barrio, M. Á. Maté-González, E. Nieva Gómez, M. R. Díaz Delgado, & E. Ruiz Mediavilla) (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-025-02243-1) David Álvarez-Alonso, M. de Andrés-Herrero, Andrés Díez-Herrero, S. Miralles-Mosquera, M. C. Sastre Barrio, M. Á. Maté-González, E. Nieva Gómez, M. R. Díaz Delgado, & E. Ruiz Mediavilla

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Artistic mediums certainly change. While modern humans have paint and paper, ancient humans had ochre and pebbles. However, both work well for finger painting, whether for Homo sapiens today or for Homo neanderthalensis thousands of years ago.

According to a new study in Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, a team of researchers may have discovered one of the oldest art objects adorned with a fingerprint from across Europe. The object, a pebble, was stamped with ochre by a Neanderthal around 43,000 years ago and was found by researchers in Spain in 2022.

“This object contributes to our understanding of Neanderthals’ capacity for abstraction,” the researchers stated in their study, as it could “represent one of the oldest known abstractions of a human face in the prehistoric record.”

Indeed, the placement of the ochre fingerprint could suggest that Neanderthals were more advanced artists than traditionally thought, adorning objects not only with fingerprints ...

  • Sam Walters

    Sam Walters is a journalist covering archaeology, paleontology, ecology, and evolution for Discover, along with an assortment of other topics. Before joining the Discover team as an assistant editor in 2022, Sam studied journalism at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.

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