The Oldest Runestone Conveys Norse Language Before the Viking Age

Learn about the Svingerud Stone, a runestone found in a Norwegian grave site that currently stands as the earliest written depiction of the Proto-Norse language.

By Jack Knudson
Feb 3, 2025 10:45 PMFeb 3, 2025 10:48 PM
Runic inscriptions
This depicts a general example of runic inscriptions and is not the inscription featured in the latest study. (Credit: Alexei Novikov/Shutterstock)

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The enigmatic origins of runic writings used by early Germanic peoples have invited much debate over the years, but a fragmented runestone from a Norwegian grave site may settle some questions.

Researchers found that several pieces of sandstone, excavated from the Svingerud grave field in Hole, Norway and dated to between 50 B.C.E. to 275 C.E., fit together into a single slab that contains perplexing runic inscriptions. 

The meanings behind these carved markings are explored in a new study published in the journal Antiquity. Researchers believe that the Svingerud Stone may have been intentionally segmented to designate certain inscriptions to different graves. With the runestone fragments reunited, the connections among the varied inscriptions offer promising progress toward understanding the earliest incarnations of Germanic runes.

The Oldest Runestone

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