Rattlesnake Venom Evolves and Adapts to Climate Change

Learn more about how shifting biodiversity has resulted in a surprising evolutionary change for rattlesnake venom.

By Stephanie Edwards
Apr 23, 2025 7:30 PMApr 23, 2025 8:36 PM
Rattlesnake on island near Baja California
Angel Island Rattlesnake (Crotalus angelensis) from Isla Ángel de la Guarda, Baja California, Mexico. (Image Credit: Jacob Loyacano)

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Encountering rattlesnake venom is something many of us would prefer to avoid. But for a research team from the University of South Florida, this venom may hold the key to species evolution and protection.

A new study, published in Evolution, has revealed that island rattlesnakes in the Gulf of California adapt their venom depending on their environment and its biodiversity. This discovery comes as a surprise and helps provide new insights into how animals evolve in changing environments.

“This isn’t just about rattlesnakes,” says Mark Margres, assistant professor in the Department of Integrative Biology at the University of South Florida, in a press release. “It’s about understanding the fundamental ways life evolves when isolation and biodiversity start to shift.”

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