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What Is the Truth Behind the Controversial Phantom Time Hypothesis?

Did the Catholic church fabricate 300 years of history? No, but some people truly believe the conspiracy theory.

ByBenjamin Plackett
Credit: Viacheslav Lopatin/Shutterstock

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Contrary to what you might believe, you aren't actually living in the 21st Century. Instead, you're in the 1700s, and the reason that most of you don't recognize this fact is that the elites of the early medieval period worked hard to deceive you. At least, that's what German historian Herbert Illig puts forward in his phantom time hypothesis. "There's this outrageous claim that all historians have made a mistake and that we've all had the wool pulled over our eyes and that the chronology we all follow today is wrong," explains David Hamon, an independent researcher who has studied alternative histories.

The phantom time hypothesis goes something like this: The Holy Roman Emperor Otto III conspired with Pope Sylvester II (and quite possibly the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII as well) to doctor the dating system. The trio cooked the books to place their reigns at A.D. 1000, which they ...

  • Benjamin Plackett

    Benjamin has more than a decade of experience reporting on science in the Middle East, covering subjects such as the rebuilding of Mosul University in Iraq after its liberation from Islamic State. He is now based in London where he likes to write about the life and medical sciences. His work has been published by Associated Press, Chemical & Engineering News, Nature, Scientific American and Wired Magazine. He has a bachelor's degree from Imperial College, London and a master's degree in journalism from New York University. Find him on social @BenjPlackett

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