JWST Helps Identify Rare Ultra-Hot Neptune 262 Light Years Away

The weather for Neptune today is sunny, with a chance of reflective clouds. Learn more about the uniquely blazing atmosphere of this ultra-hot exoplanet.

By Monica Cull
Feb 25, 2025 10:15 PMFeb 25, 2025 10:16 PM
Illustration of exoplanet LTT 9779 b
Illustration of LTT 9779 b, the only known ultra-hot Neptune. This planet orbits so close to its star that its atmosphere is scorching hot, glowing from its own heat while also reflecting starlight. Because it is tidally locked - always showing the same side to its star - one half is permanently in daylight while the other remains in darkness. New JWST observations with NIRISS reveal a dynamic atmosphere: powerful winds sweep around the planet, shaping mineral clouds as they condense into a bright, white arc on the slightly cooler western side of the dayside. As these clouds move eastward, they evaporate under the intense heat, leaving the eastern dayside with clear skies. (Credit: Benoit Gougeon, Université de Montréal)

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LTT 9779 b, an exoplanet 262 light years from Earth, always stares directly at the sun. With a surface of nearly 2000 degrees Celsius (about 3632 degrees Fahrenheit), the planet glows bright red while still reflecting starlight. Researchers have called it a rare ultra-hot Neptune.

Thanks to images from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) published in Nature Astronomy, researchers are now able to see and analyze extreme weather patterns on this intriguing exoplanet, which can help them better understand its unique atmospheric properties. 

Understanding LTT 9779 b — The Hot Exoplanet

A 2020 study published in Nature Astronomy first identified LTT 9779 b. The study found that the exoplanet has been tidally locked — like Earth’s moon — meaning one side has continuously faced the sun, while the other side has been in constant darkness.

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