Iguanas Floated 5,000 Miles to Colonize Fiji Millions of Years Ago

Learn more about Fiji’s iguana species and how they likely used natural rafts to float to Fiji some 34 million years ago.

By Monica Cull
Mar 17, 2025 9:00 PMMar 17, 2025 8:52 PM
The Fiji iguana Brachylophus vitiensis
A Fijian crested iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) resting on a coconut palm on the island of Fiji in the South Pacific. The four species of iguanas that inhabit Fiji and Tonga today are descended from ancestors that colonized the island within the past 34 million years, probably by rafting 5,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean from western North America. (Image Credit: Nicholas Hess)

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About 34 million years ago, iguanas sailed 5,000 miles from western North America and settled in Fiji. It’s not uncommon for iguana species to hop a natural raft and drift to a new island, but according to new research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, this may be the “the longest known transoceanic dispersal of any terrestrial vertebrate.”

"We found that the Fiji iguanas are most closely related to the North American desert iguanas, something that hadn't been figured out before,” said lead study author Simon Scarpetta, a herpetologist, and paleontologist who is a former postdoctoral fellow at University of California Berkeley, in a press release

Iguanas and Overwater Dispersal 

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