By now you've probably heard/read about the relationship of HIV resistance and hominoid evolutionary genetics. The original paper in Science that started it off is titled Restriction of an Extinct Retrovirus by the Human TRIM5α Antiviral Protein; quite a mouthful. Lucky for us Carl Zimmer has an excellent exposition as well as a background primer, while John Hawks offers further thoughts looking at the various hypotheses through the lens of someone with a deep grasp of paleoanthropology.