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Your First Grader Knows that Presidents Have All Been White and Male

Children's beliefs about presidents reflect varying perceptions of race and gender in politics, showing optimism yet acknowledging discrimination.

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We know that adults consciously and subconsciously "expect" their leaders to be male and Caucasian. But now it looks like the white male-ness of our past leaders is alive and well in the minds of kids as young as five. In 2006, research teams at the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Kansas quizzed 205 children ages five to 10 on "their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs" about the similarities among the U.S. presidents we've had so far. The three studies asked kids from "diverse" racial and ethnic backgrounds about why there had never been an African American, Hispanic, or female president. Here's a summary of the results:

The researchers found most children are aware that women and minorities have been excluded from the U.S. presidency. Although most of the children believed people of all races and genders should be president, they offered surprising answers as to why ...

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