First-Ever Binary White Dwarf System Destined to Explode as Type 1a Supernova

Learn how gravity and mass are pulling two stars into tighter, faster orbit around each other, with an explosive collision inevitable.

By Paul Smaglik
Apr 4, 2025 11:00 AMApr 4, 2025 6:13 PM
A digital illustration of the immense explosion of this double white dwarf binary star system, named WDJ181058.67+311940.94
In this picture, we capture the binary in the moment where the first white dwarf has just exploded, hurtling material towards its nearby companion which is on the cusp of explosion too. This event will occur in about 23 billion years, yet in only 4 seconds do both stars explode. (Image Credit: University of Warwick/Mark Garlick)

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Romeo and Juliet were a pair of doomed, star-crossed lovers. Now, astronomers have detected a pair of doomed star-crossed stars. Like Shakespeare’s famously unlucky couple, two white dwarfs spiraling around each other are on a course toward destruction.

Astronomers discovered that the stellar partners are separated by a distance of 1/60th the difference between the Earth and the sun, they report in Nature Astronomy. This proximity will eventually destroy them.

Stellar Collision Course to Supernova

When gravity pulls them together they will explode as a type 1a supernova. This rare form of cosmic explosion is thought to be triggered when a white dwarf builds up too much mass, then falls victim to its own gravity. Astronomers have long theorized that two orbiting white dwarfs are the root of most type 1a supernova explosions.

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