An Eruption Like Pompeii Most Likely Didn't Preserve These Dinosaur Fossils

Both scientific ‘red herrings’ and flaws in human logic led to inaccurate ‘Pompeii effect’ hypothesis.

By Paul Smaglik
Nov 5, 2024 11:30 PMNov 6, 2024 2:36 PM
Imminent Attack
Artist's rendition of a Psittacosaurus dinosaur with babies being hunted by Repenomamus, a mammal. One fossil assemblage from the Yixian Formation preserved the remains of these species in mortal combat, frozen in mid-action. The dinosaur here is shown with bristly proto-feathers on its tail. (Credit: Illustration by Alex Boersma)

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Some of the most famous and best-preserved dinosaur fossils were thought to have been suspended in time due to a massive volcanic event like the Mt. Vesuvius eruption that literally froze Pompeii in stone.

But the cause of those dinos’ demise was likely much more mundane — collapsing animal burrows, according to a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Incredibly Preserved Fossils

Two perfectly articulated skeletons of the sheep-size dinosaur Psittacosaurus, found in China's Yixian Formation. New research suggests they died in burrow collapses, not via volcanism, as previously thought. (Credit: Jun Liu, Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

A steady stream of fossil discoveries in northeast China in the 1980s triggered a paleontological “Gold Rush” — a “Dino Dash,” if you will. Subsequently, many of the bones discovered in what is now called the Yixian Formation, which contained fossils from between 120 million years and 130 million years ago — were remarkably well preserved. An upper flattened fossil layer even captured some colored feather, which linked how birds and dinos were related. Another layer sometimes captured ancient creatures in 3-D poses that resembled tableaus.

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