Testing Gravity’s Reach

Even in extreme conditions, Einstein's theory still holds true.

By Korey Haynes
Nov 30, 2015 6:00 AMNov 14, 2019 9:08 PM
gravity-reach.jpg
A white dwarf and pulsar 3,750 light-years away support a gravitational constant that’s, well, constant. | B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)

Newsletter

Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news
 

While your own weight may fluctuate, the fundamental constant of gravity, which keeps your feet on the ground and the Earth going around the sun, is the same everywhere at all times. Or so Einstein’s theory of gravitation claims, at least. Alternative theories have speculated that this constant might in fact vary as the universe expands, or near objects of drastically different densities, fundamentally changing our understanding of how the cosmos operates.

Astronomers tested for changes in the gravitational constant using 21 years of data from a pulsar (the ultradense remnant core of a dead star that spins like a crazed lighthouse, sending astronomers bursts of light a thousand times per second). PSR J1713+0747, as it is known, has a tiny white dwarf companion star, and the two orbit each other exceptionally predictably. By accounting for every factor that perturbed their dance over 21 years, astronomers ruled out any change in the underlying gravitational constant.

The Arecibo Observatory (above) and Green Bank Telescope helped astronomers study gravity’s strength in the universe. | Courtesy of the NAIC-Arecibo Observatory, a facility of the NSF

Astronomers have used laser ranging studies, bouncing light beams between Earth and the moon, to prove gravity’s constancy locally for decades. And if gravity is changing, a dramatic and faraway pulsar system should show the effects most clearly. Combined with the local lunar data, the new research, published in August, is the best proof yet that gravity is truly constant no matter where in the universe scientists look.

1 free article left
Want More? Get unlimited access for as low as $1.99/month

Already a subscriber?

Register or Log In

1 free articleSubscribe
Discover Magazine Logo
Want more?

Keep reading for as low as $1.99!

Subscribe

Already a subscriber?

Register or Log In

More From Discover
Recommendations From Our Store
Shop Now
Stay Curious
Join
Our List

Sign up for our weekly science updates.

 
Subscribe
To The Magazine

Save up to 40% off the cover price when you subscribe to Discover magazine.

Copyright © 2024 Kalmbach Media Co.