6 Iconic Ancient Artifacts That Changed History Around the World

What are the most famous ancient artifacts? From the Venus of Willendorf to King Tut's funerary mask, here's what these items reveal about the ancient world.

By Bridget Alex
Oct 6, 2022 6:20 PMJun 6, 2025 5:03 PM
Ancient Artifact: Olmec Colossal Heads
Ancient Artifact: Olmec Colossal Heads. (Credit: Natalya Erofeeva/Shutterstock)

Newsletter

Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news
 

Key Takeaways on 6 Ancient Artifacts: 

  1. Venus of Willendorf: This four-inch-tall figurine is a female icon of the Ice Age and is 30,000 years old.

  2. Olmec Colossal Heads: These 17 similar heads were thought to be portraits of Olmec rulers in Central America from 3,400 years ago.

  3. King Tut’s Funerary Mask: The 24-pound facial replica capped the wrapped mummy of the Egyptian king, who died in 1323 B.C. at the age of 19, after ruling just 10 years. 

  4. Rosetta Stone: This bilingual, tri-script inscription enabled decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs, unlocking all of the ancient civilization's writings.

  5. Terracotta Army: Thousands of life-sized clay warriors, lining trenches in military formation in the complex commissioned by Qin Shihuang, the first emperor to rule a unified China from 210 to 221 B.C.

  6. Dead Sea Scrolls: Nearly 1,000 tattered texts written between 300 B.C. and A.D. 70 that transcribe stories that predate the Bible.


You've probably heard of the Dead Sea Scrolls and seen King Tut's mask. But if you want to beat your family at Jeopardy, you'd better learn their backstories. Here's our cheat sheet for six iconic artifacts from the ancient world.

1. Venus of Willendorf: Artifact of the Ice Age

0 free articles left
Want More? Get unlimited access for as low as $1.99/month

Already a subscriber?

Register or Log In

0 free articlesSubscribe
Discover Magazine Logo
Want more?

Keep reading for as low as $1.99!

Subscribe

Already a subscriber?

Register or Log In

Stay Curious

Sign up for our weekly newsletter and unlock one more article for free.

 

View our Privacy Policy


Want more?
Keep reading for as low as $1.99!


Log In or Register

Already a subscriber?
Find my Subscription

More From Discover
Stay Curious
Join
Our List

Sign up for our weekly science updates.

 
Subscribe
To The Magazine

Save up to 40% off the cover price when you subscribe to Discover magazine.

Copyright © 2025 LabX Media Group