Chimps Use Both Genetics and Behavior to Adapt to Different Environments

Scientists conducted largest ever genetic analysis of geologically and ecologically diverse group of chimpanzees.

By Paul Smaglik
Jan 10, 2025 9:30 PMJan 10, 2025 9:28 PM
Adaptable Chimps - Mother and baby chimpanzee in Uganda
Mother and baby chimpanzee in Uganda (Credit: Kevin Langergraber/The Ngogo Chimpanzee Project)

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Chimps are amazingly adaptable. Unlike other nonhuman primates, they live in a variety of habitats and have developed different behaviors to thrive in them.

A recent study now shows that chimps also adjust genetically to environmentally specific challenges. Perhaps most notably, forest chimps have shown changes in the same genes known to help fight malaria in humans, according to a study in the journal Science. The study has implications for both chimp conservation and human health.

“The fact that we find potential evidence of parallel adaptations in chimpanzees and humans suggest that studying chimpanzee evolution (and primate evolution more generally) will help us learn not only about our closest living relatives but about our own evolution,” says Aida Andrés, a genetics professor at University College London and an author of the paper.

Learning About Chimp Resilience

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