Beta-amyloid and Tau: What Do These Proteins Have to do With Alzheimer’s?

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that has been analyzed for decades. Researchers say it is caused by the accumulation of beta-amyloid and tau proteins in the brain.

By Amber Jorgenson
Oct 17, 2019 11:50 AMAug 14, 2023 6:16 PM
Brain-Scan Alzheimer's
Two common proteins begin to spread through the brains of those with Alzheimer’s. Despite decades of study, scientists still don’t understand why they become so dangerous. (Credit: SpeedKingz/Shutterstock)

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If you look at the brain of an Alzheimer’s patient, you’ll see clear and undeniable damage.

Clusters of dead nerve cells. Hard plaques cemented between cells and thick tangles of proteins twisted up inside the cells themselves. 

These are the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s, and they drive the disease’s infamous symptoms, like memory loss, behavioral issues and problems thinking.

What Causes Alzheimer's Disease?

The majority of the damage comes from two specific proteins, beta-amyloid and tau. These protein-rich plaques and tangles degrade the brain beyond repair.

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