World's Biggest Holes

Drilling deep into the crust, a volcano, a fault, and the ocean floor uncovers Earth's true nature.

By Elise Kleeman
Apr 27, 2006 5:00 AMNov 12, 2019 5:34 AM
digging.jpg
A drilling rig near Cape Charles, Virginia, bores into an extraterrestrial impact. | Courtesy David Powars USGS

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After almost three months of round-the-clock drilling, geologists have finished a 1.1-mile borehole to the bottom of the United States' largest impact crater, a 53-mile-wide depression at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. They have retrieved rocks and sediments documenting the moment of impact about 35 million years ago, the cataclysmic tsunamis that followed, and the recovery of life in the region. This project follows in the grand tradition of boring into the earth in search of answers. 

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