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Medieval Squirrels Served as First Ancient Hosts of Leprosy

Acorns weren’t the only thing that medieval squirrels stashed away. They also hoarded strains of leprosy.

By Sam Walters
May 3, 2024 3:01 PM
A Eurasian Red Squirrel Sitting Atop Autumn Leaves
(Credit: Miroslav Hlavko/Shutterstock)

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A bit of medical advice: Stay away from medieval squirrels. That’s what a study in Current Biology seems to suggest, anyway, after showing that red squirrels hosted strains of the leprosy bacteria Mycobacterium leprae in England’s Middle Ages.

“In the wake of COVID-19, animal hosts are now becoming a focus of attention for understanding disease appearance and persistence,” Inskip said in a statement. “Our research shows that there is a long history of zoonotic diseases, and they have had and continue to have a big impact on us.”


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