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This AI-Guided Drone Has Mapped One of Earth's Deepest Subterranean Lakes

A team of roboticists and divers used an AI-powered drone to explore underwater caves farther than humans ever have.

ByAlex Orlando
This chamber within Dragon’s Breath Cave contains one of the largest known subterranean lakes in the world.Credit: United States Deep Caving Team / Kasia Biernacka

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In the spring of 2017, explorer and robotics systems designer Vickie Siegel was navigating a mist-soaked cave in southern Mexico when she slipped, tearing a tendon in her knee. After a grueling self-rescue, aided by her teammates, Siegel flew back to the U.S. for surgery. It was during this recovery period that she first heard about Dragon’s Breath Cave — a sprawling, water-filled cavern buried beneath the sands of the Kalahari Desert in Africa.

“I came across this [documentary] series on Africa, and they do a really short segment on Dragon’s Breath,” she explains. “It just captivated me … It was this amazing juxtaposition of desert and vast amounts of water.” Though some of the world's leading cave divers have attempted to plumb the cave's depths, they've been unable to fully explore the extent of the cave's vast interior.

Two years later, Siegel, along with a team of robotics engineers ...

  • Alex Orlando

    Alex is a senior associate editor at Discover. Before he joined the Discover team in 2019, he worked as a reporter for the Half Moon Bay Review and as a staff writer for Houston’s Texas Medical Center. His work has also appeared in The Verge and San Francisco Magazine. Alex holds a master's degree in journalism from UC Berkeley.

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