Cell has an interesting piece, profiling four diets, Cell Culture: New Year's Diets. I know many of the readers of this weblog take an interest in this area. In particular, many subscribe to the Paleo diet or are avid fans of Gary Taubes' Good Calories, Bad Calories, as well as Art Devany's ideas. Personally I think one issue which we need to acknowledge more are individual differences. The returns on the margin for a given diet may differ from person to person. The morbidity cost to someone with a family history of type 2 diabetes who has a weakness for dessert is likely much higher than someone without such a family history. The Cell article gives a scientific overview of the diets in question, and then has pointers to the scientific literature. - Atkins dietInagaki, T., et al. (2007). Cell Metab. 5, 415–425. Badman, M.K., et al. (2007). Cell Metab. 5, 426–437. Ma, W., et al. (2007). J. Neurosci. 27, 3618–3625. - Flat Belly DietThe Lipid Messenger OEA Links Dietary Fat Intake to Satiety- Sensa DietSmall, D.M., et al. (2005). Neuron 47, 593–605. Ruijschop, R.M., et al. (2009). J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 9888–9894. - South Beach DietJohnson, P.M., and Kenny, P.J. (2010). Nat. Neurosci. 13, 635–641. Relation Between Obesity and Blunted Striatal Response to Food Is Moderated by TaqIA A1 Allele. What is your diet? And what papers do you like?